PAN (Permanent Account Number) is required for filing income tax returns and many financial transactions in India. First-time applicants have two routes: an instant, free e-PAN generated in minutes using Aadhaar e-KYC, or a standard PAN application (needed if you want a physical card or don't have Aadhaar) filed through Protean (formerly NSDL) or UTIITSL.
Official website
Income Tax Department (via Protean/UTIITSL)
https://www.incometax.gov.in
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Disclaimer
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Visit the official Income Tax e-filing portal (incometax.gov.in) for the instant e-PAN option, or the Protean/UTIITSL portal for a standard application.
For instant e-PAN: select 'Instant e-PAN', choose 'Get New e-PAN', and verify your identity via Aadhaar OTP.
For standard PAN: fill Form 49A (Indian applicants) or 49AA (foreign applicants) online with personal, contact, and document details.
Upload scanned photograph, signature, and supporting documents (for the physical card route).
Pay the applicable fee online and complete e-KYC/e-Sign or send physical documents by post as instructed.
Note your acknowledgement number and track the application status online.
Processing time
Instant e-PAN via Aadhaar is typically issued within minutes to a few hours. A physical PAN card application usually takes a couple of weeks after submission and verification.
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Instant e-PAN is a free, fast, Aadhaar-based route that gives you a digital PAN in PDF form within minutes, but requires your Aadhaar to have an active, linked mobile number and up-to-date details. A regular application through Protean/UTIITSL is needed if you want a physical card, don't have Aadhaar, or your Aadhaar details are outdated.