A Learner's Licence (LL) is the mandatory first step before you can get a full driving licence. It involves an online test on road rules and signs, and in many states can now be completed entirely online with Aadhaar-based verification.
Official website
Parivahan Sewa, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
https://parivahan.gov.in
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Go to the Parivahan Sewa portal (parivahan.gov.in) and choose 'Apply Online' > 'Learner's Licence'.
Select your state/RTO and fill in personal, address, and vehicle-class details.
Upload the required documents, photo, and signature.
Book a slot for and take the Learner's Licence test online (multiple-choice on traffic rules and signs).
Pay the prescribed fee.
On passing, download your e-LL, available instantly or after a short review depending on your state.
Official fees
Fees vary by state and are shown on the Parivahan/Sarathi portal during payment.
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Basic traffic rules, road signs, and safe driving knowledge, usually as a multiple-choice test taken on the portal or at the RTO.