Certificates

A birth certificate is an essential legal document registering a birth. Registration is done through the Civil Registration System or your State/municipal portal. Recent births can be registered online in many states; older records are obtained from the local registrar.

Civil Registration System (crsorgi.gov.in) / State portals

An income certificate certifies a family's annual income and is issued by the respective State Government (usually via the e-District/Revenue portal). It is commonly required for scholarships, reservations and welfare schemes.

State Government e-District portals

A caste certificate certifies a person's community (SC/ST/OBC) and is issued by the State Government. It is required for reservations in education, jobs and welfare schemes. Apply through your state's e-District/Revenue portal.

State Government e-District portals

A marriage certificate is the legal proof of a registered marriage in India. Marriages are registered either under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs) or the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (for inter-faith and civil marriages). Registration is handled by your State Government / Municipal Corporation, usually through the state's e-District or marriage-registration portal. A registered marriage certificate is required for visas, passports, name changes, joint bank accounts, insurance and legal matters.

State Government / Municipal e-District portals

A death certificate is the official record of a death, issued by the Registrar of Births and Deaths through the Civil Registration System or your state/municipal portal. It is required to settle insurance claims, inheritance and property, close bank accounts, and claim pensions. Deaths should be registered within 21 days for free; later registration may need additional procedures.

Civil Registration System (crsorgi.gov.in) / State portals

A domicile (residence) certificate proves that you are a permanent resident of a particular state. It is required for state quota admissions, government jobs, scholarships and other state benefits. It is issued by the State Government (Revenue/Tehsildar office) through the state's e-District portal.

State Government e-District / Revenue portals

The UDID (Unique Disability ID) project issues a disability certificate and a UDID card to persons with disabilities, giving a single document to access benefits and concessions. Apply online on the official Swavlamban/UDID portal; certification is done by a designated government medical authority.

Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (UDID)

An EWS (Economically Weaker Section) certificate — also called an Income & Asset certificate — lets eligible general-category applicants claim the 10% EWS reservation in education and government jobs. It is issued by the State Government (Revenue authority) through the state's e-District portal, based on family income and asset limits.

State Government e-District / Revenue portals

A character certificate confirms an individual has no adverse criminal record and is typically issued by the local police station or your state's e-District portal. It's commonly asked for by employers, colleges, and government bodies for domestic purposes — it is not the same as a Police Clearance Certificate (PCC) used for travelling or working abroad.

State Government e-District portals

A legal heir certificate lists the surviving legal heirs of a deceased person. Banks, insurers, pension offices and property registrars ask for it before releasing funds, transferring a policy, or mutating property into the heirs' names. It is issued by the Tehsildar/Revenue Officer (or a Municipal Corporation in some cities) and is different from a succession certificate, which only a civil court can issue for contested inheritance or debt/security transfer.

State Revenue Department / e-District portals

An Encumbrance Certificate (EC) is a record of every registered transaction — sale, mortgage, gift, lease — on a specific property over a chosen period. Banks require it before sanctioning a home loan, and buyers use it to confirm a property is free of loans or legal claims before purchase. It's issued by the Sub-Registrar Office where the property was registered, and most states now offer it online (e.g. Karnataka's Kaveri Online, Tamil Nadu's TNREGINET, Telangana's IGRS, Maharashtra's IGR).

State Registration Department (Sub-Registrar Office)